filter

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since September 2016.

Экспериментальная возможность: Это экспериментальная технология
Так как спецификация этой технологии ещё не стабилизировалась, смотрите таблицу совместимости по поводу использования в различных браузерах. Также заметьте, что синтаксис и поведение экспериментальной технологии может измениться в будущих версиях браузеров, вслед за изменениями спецификации.

Описание

CSS свойство filter позволяет вам применять к элементу такие графические эффекты, как размытие и смещение цвета. Фильтры обычно используются для регулировки рендеринга изображений, фонов и рамок.

В стандарт CSS включены несколько функций, которые обеспечивают предопределённые эффекты. Вы также можете ссылаться на SVG фильтр с URL-адресом на элемент фильтра SVG.

Примечание: Старые версии (с 4.0 до 9.0) браузера Windows Internet Explorer поддерживают нестандартный "filter", который с тех пор устарел.

Начальное значениеnone
Применяется квсе элементы; в SVG, это применяется к контейнерам, исключая элемент defs и все графические элементы
Наследуетсянет
Обработка значениякак указано
Animation typea filter function list

Синтаксис

css
filter: url(resources.svg);
filter: blur(5px);
filter: brightness(0.4);
filter: contrast(200%);
filter: drop-shadow(16px 16px 20px blue);
filter: grayscale(50%);
filter: hue-rotate(90deg);
filter: invert(75%);
filter: opacity(25%);
filter: saturate(30%);
filter: sepia(60%);

/* Применение нескольких фильтров */
filter: contrast(175%) brightness(3%);

/* Глобальные значения */
filter: inherit;
filter: initial;
filter: unset;

С помощью функции, используйте:

filter: <filter-function> [<filter-function>]* | none

Для ссылки на SVG <filter> элемент, используйте:

filter: url(svg-url#element-id)

Формальный синтаксис

filter = 
  none                 |
  <filter-value-list>  

<filter-value-list> = 
  [ <filter-function> | <url> ]+  

<filter-function> = 
  <blur()>         |
  <brightness()>   |
  <contrast()>     |
  <drop-shadow()>  |
  <grayscale()>    |
  <hue-rotate()>   |
  <invert()>       |
  <opacity()>      |
  <sepia()>        |
  <saturate()>     

<url> = 
  <url()>  |
  <src()>  

<blur()> = 
  blur( <length>? )  

<brightness()> = 
  brightness( [ <number> | <percentage> ]? )  

<contrast()> = 
  contrast( [ <number> | <percentage> ]? )  

<drop-shadow()> = 
  drop-shadow( [ <color>? && <length>{2,3} ] )  

<grayscale()> = 
  grayscale( [ <number> | <percentage> ]? )  

<hue-rotate()> = 
  hue-rotate( [ <angle> | <zero> ]? )  

<invert()> = 
  invert( [ <number> | <percentage> ]? )  

<opacity()> = 
  opacity( [ <number> | <percentage> ]? )  

<sepia()> = 
  sepia( [ <number> | <percentage> ]? )  

<saturate()> = 
  saturate( [ <number> | <percentage> ]? )  

<url()> = 
  url( <string> <url-modifier>* )  |
  <url-token>                      

<src()> = 
  src( <string> <url-modifier>* )

Примеры

Примеры использования предопределённых функций показаны ниже. См. каждую функцию для конкретного примера.

css
.mydiv {
  filter: grayscale(50%);
}

/* сделать все изображения серыми на 50% и размыть на 10px */
img {
  filter: grayscale(0.5) blur(10px);
}

Примеры использования функции URL с SVG ресурсом показаны ниже.

css
.target {
  filter: url(#c1);
}

.mydiv {
  filter: url(commonfilters.xml#large-blur);
}

Функции

Для использования CSS-свойства filter, вы указываете значение для одной из выбранных функций. Если это значение недействительно, функция возвращает "none." За исключением тех случаев, когда функции, которые принимают значение, выраженное в процентах (34%), также принимают значение, выраженное как десятичная дробь (0.34).

url()

The url() function takes the location of an XML file that specifies an SVG filter, and may include an anchor to a specific filter element.

css
filter: url(resources.svg#c1);

blur() [размытие]

Applies a Gaussian blur to the input image. The value of 'radius' defines the value of the standard deviation to the Gaussian function, or how many pixels on the screen blend into each other, so a larger value will create more blur. If no parameter is provided, then a value 0 is used. The parameter is specified as a CSS length, but does not accept percentage values.

css
filter: blur(5px);
html
<svg
  style="position: absolute; top: -99999px"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <filter id="svgBlur" x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
    <feGaussianBlur in="SourceGraphic" stdDeviation="5" />
  </filter>
</svg>

brightness() [яркость]

Applies a linear multiplier to input image, making it appear more or less bright. A value of 0% will create an image that is completely black. A value of 100% leaves the input unchanged. Other values are linear multipliers on the effect. Values of an amount over 100% are allowed, providing brighter results. If the 'amount' parameter is missing, a value of 1 is used.

css
filter: brightness(0.5);
html
<svg
  style="position: absolute; top: -99999px"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <filter id="brightness">
    <feComponentTransfer>
      <feFuncR type="linear" slope="[amount]" />
      <feFuncG type="linear" slope="[amount]" />
      <feFuncB type="linear" slope="[amount]" />
    </feComponentTransfer>
  </filter>
</svg>

contrast() [контраст]

Adjusts the contrast of the input. A value of 0% will create an image that is completely black. A value of 100% leaves the input unchanged. Values of amount over 100% are allowed, providing results with less contrast. If the 'amount' parameter is missing, a value of 1 is used.

css
filter: contrast(200%);
html
<svg
  style="position: absolute; top: -99999px"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <filter id="contrast">
    <feComponentTransfer>
      <feFuncR
        type="linear"
        slope="[amount]"
        intercept="-(0.5 * [amount]) + 0.5" />
      <feFuncG
        type="linear"
        slope="[amount]"
        intercept="-(0.5 * [amount]) + 0.5" />
      <feFuncB
        type="linear"
        slope="[amount]"
        intercept="-(0.5 * [amount]) + 0.5" />
    </feComponentTransfer>
  </filter>
</svg>

drop-shadow() [тень]

Applies a drop shadow effect to the input image. A drop shadow is effectively a blurred, offset version of the input image's alpha mask drawn in a particular color, composited below the image. The function accepts a parameter of type <shadow> (defined in CSS3 Backgrounds), with the exception that the 'inset' keyword is not allowed. This function is similar to the more established box-shadow property; the difference is that with filters, some browsers provide hardware acceleration for better performance. The parameters of the <shadow> parameter are as follows.

<offset-x> <offset-y> (required)

These are two <length> values to set the shadow offset. <offset-x> specifies the horizontal distance. Negative values place the shadow to the left of the element. <offset-y> specifies the vertical distance. Negative values place the shadow above the element. See <length> for possible units. If both values are 0, the shadow is placed behind the element (and may generate a blur effect if <blur-radius> and/or <spread-radius> is set).

<blur-radius> (optional)

This is a third <length> value. The larger this value, the bigger the blur, so the shadow becomes bigger and lighter. Negative values are not allowed. If not specified, it will be 0 (the shadow's edge is sharp).

<spread-radius> (optional)

This is a fourth <length> value. Positive values will cause the shadow to expand and grow bigger, and negative values will cause the shadow to shrink. If not specified, it will be 0 (the shadow will be the same size as the element). Note: Webkit, and maybe other browsers, do not support this 4th length; it will not render if added.

<color> (optional)

See <color> values for possible keywords and notations. If not specified, the color depends on the browser. In Gecko (Firefox), Presto (Opera) and Trident (Internet Explorer), the value of the color property is used. On the other hand, WebKit's shadow is transparent and therefore useless if <color> is omitted.

css
filter: drop-shadow(16px 16px 10px black);
html
<svg
  style="position: absolute; top: -999999px"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <filter id="drop-shadow">
    <feGaussianBlur in="SourceAlpha" stdDeviation="[radius]" />
    <feOffset dx="[offset-x]" dy="[offset-y]" result="offsetblur" />
    <feFlood flood-color="[color]" />
    <feComposite in2="offsetblur" operator="in" />
    <feMerge>
      <feMergeNode />
      <feMergeNode in="SourceGraphic" />
    </feMerge>
  </filter>
</svg>

grayscale() [оттенки серого]

Converts the input image to grayscale. The value of 'amount' defines the proportion of the conversion. A value of 100% is completely grayscale. A value of 0% leaves the input unchanged. Values between 0% and 100% are linear multipliers on the effect. If the 'amount' parameter is missing, a value of 0 is used.

css
filter: grayscale(100%);

hue-rotate() [изменение оттенка]

Applies a hue rotation on the input image. The value of angle defines the number of degrees around the color circle the input samples will be adjusted. A value of 0deg leaves the input unchanged. If the angle parameter is missing, a value of 0deg is used. Though there is no maximum value, the effect of values above 360deg wraps around.

css
filter: hue-rotate(90deg);
html
<svg style="position: absolute; top: -999999px" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <filter id="svgHueRotate" >
    <feColorMatrix type="hueRotate" values="[angle]" />
  <filter />
</svg>

invert() [инвертирование]

Inverts the samples in the input image. The value of amount defines the proportion of the conversion. A value of 100% is completely inverted. A value of 0% leaves the input unchanged. Values between 0% and 100% are linear multipliers on the effect. If the amount parameter is missing, a value of 0 is used.

css
filter: invert(100%);

opacity() [непрозрачность]

Applies transparency to the samples in the input image. The value of amount defines the proportion of the conversion. A value of 0% is completely transparent. A value of 100% leaves the input unchanged. Values between 0% and 100% are linear multipliers on the effect. This is equivalent to multiplying the input image samples by amount. If the amount parameter is missing, a value of 1 is used. This function is similar to the more established opacity property; the difference is that with filters, some browsers provide hardware acceleration for better performance.

css
filter: opacity(50%);

saturate() [насыщенность]

Saturates the input image. The value of amount defines the proportion of the conversion. A value of 0% is completely un-saturated. A value of 100% leaves the input unchanged. Other values are linear multipliers on the effect. Values of amount over 100% are allowed, providing super-saturated results. If the amount parameter is missing, a value of 1 is used.

css
filter: saturate(200%);

sepia() [сепия]

Converts the input image to sepia. The value of amount defines the proportion of the conversion. A value of 100% is completely sepia. A value of 0% leaves the input unchanged. Values between 0% and 100% are linear multipliers on the effect. If the amount parameter is missing, a value of 0 is used.

css
filter: sepia(100%);

Комбинирование функций

You may combine any number of functions to manipulate the rendering. The following example enhances the contrast and brightness of the image.

css
filter: contrast(175%) brightness(103%);

Спецификации

Specification
Filter Effects Module Level 1
# FilterProperty

Совместимость с браузерами

BCD tables only load in the browser

Смотрите также