@media

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since July 2015.

Описание

CSS @-правило @media может быть использовано для применения части стилей при соблюдении условия одного или нескольких медиавыражений.

Примечание: В JavaScript правила, созданные с помощью @media могут быть получены через интерфейс объектной модели CSS CSSMediaRule.

Синтаксис

@-правило @media можно разместить на верхнем уровне CSS или внутри любого фрагмента условной группы @-правил.

css
/* На верхнем уровне кода */
@media screen and (min-width: 900px) {
  article {
    padding: 1rem 3rem;
  }
}

/* Вложено в другое условное @-правило */
@supports (display: flex) {
  @media screen and (min-width: 900px) {
    article {
      display: flex;
    }
  }
}

Для рассмотрения синтаксиса медиавыражений, см. Использование медиавыражений.

Формальный синтаксис

@media = 
@media <media-query-list> { <rule-list> }

A <media-query> is composed of a optional media type and/or a number of media features.

Типы

all

Подходит для всех устройств.

print

Intended for paged material and for documents viewed on screen in print preview mode. Please consult the section on paged media, and the media section of the Getting Started tutorial for information about formatting issues that are specific to paged media.

screen

Предназначен в первую очередь для цветных компьютерных экранов.

speech

Предназначен для синтезаторов речи.

Примечание: CSS2.1 и Media Queries 3 определили несколько дополнительных значений (tty, tv, projection, handheld, braille, embossed, aural), но они устарели в Media Queries 4 и не рекомендуется к использованию.

Media Features

Each media feature tests for one specific feature of the browser or device.

Имя Summary Notes
width Viewport width
height Viewport height
aspect-ratio Width-to-height aspect ratio of the viewport
orientation Orientation of the viewport
resolution Pixel density of the output device
scan Scanning process of the output device
grid Is the device a grid or bitmap?
update-frequency How quickly (if at all) can the output device modify the appearance of the content Added in Media Queries Level 4
overflow-block How does the output device handle content that overflows the viewport along the block axis? Added in Media Queries Level 4
overflow-inline Can content that overflows the viewport along the inline axis be scrolled? Added in Media Queries Level 4
color Number of bits per color component of the output device, or zero if the device isn't color.
color-index Number of entries in the output device's color lookup table, or zero if the device does not use such a table.
display-mode The display mode of the application, as specified in the web app manifest's display member. Defined in the Web App Manifest spec.
monochrome Bits per pixel in the output device's monochrome frame buffer, or 0 if the device is not monochrome.
inverted-colors Is the user agent or underlying OS inverting colors? Added in Media Queries Level 4
pointer Is the primary input mechanism a pointing device, and if so, how accurate is it? Added in Media Queries Level 4
hover Does the primary input mechanism allow the user to hover over elements? Added in Media Queries Level 4
any-pointer Is any available input mechanism a pointing device, and if so, how accurate is it? Added in Media Queries Level 4
any-hover Does any available input mechanism allow the user to hover over elements? Added in Media Queries Level 4
light-level Current ambient light level Added in Media Queries Level 4
scripting Is scripting (e.g. JavaScript) available? Added in Media Queries Level 4
device-width Width of the rendering surface of the output device Deprecated in Media Queries Level 4
device-height Height of the rendering surface of the output device Deprecated in Media Queries Level 4
device-aspect-ratio Width-to-height aspect ratio of the output device Deprecated in Media Queries Level 4
-webkit-device-pixel-ratio Non-standard Number of physical device pixels per CSS pixel Nonstandard; WebKit/Blink-specific. If possible, use the resolution media feature instead.
-webkit-transform-3d Non-standard Are CSS 3D transforms supported? Nonstandard; WebKit/Blink-specific
-webkit-transform-2d Non-standard Are CSS 2D transforms supported? Nonstandard; WebKit-specific
-webkit-transition Non-standard Are CSS transitions supported? Nonstandard; WebKit-specific
-webkit-animation Non-standard Are CSS animations supported? Nonstandard; WebKit-specific

Примеры

css
@media print {
  body {
    font-size: 10pt;
  }
}
@media screen {
  body {
    font-size: 13px;
  }
}
@media screen, print {
  body {
    line-height: 1.2;
  }
}
@media only screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (max-device-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) {
  body {
    line-height: 1.4;
  }
}

Спецификации

Specification
Media Queries Level 4
# media-descriptor-table
CSS Conditional Rules Module Level 3
# at-media

Совместимость с браузерами

BCD tables only load in the browser

Смотрите также